Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2024Download PDF
Teaching and Educational Commentaries
Educational Materials Addressing Industry and Market Developments: Introduction to the Special Issue
David Hall
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Posted online: November 27, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348253
Abstract: The agriculture and agri-food industries rely on useful case studies and teaching materials to assist in knowledge communication and transfer of matters relating to technology change and adoption of new innovations, a supportive regulatory environment, equitable access to information, and corporate responsibility, among other issues. Valuable case studies and lesson materials may be underappreciated where it is not accompanied by rigorous data analysis and hypothesis testing. This introductory note summarizes the importance of eight contributions to the teaching literature and argues that these contributions can play substantial a role in helping with teaching fundamental concepts in agricultural economics and agribusiness."
Keywords: Agri-food industry, teaching, learning, technological change, regulatory affairs
Demand Dashboards: Interactive Tools to Communicate Consumer Behavior
Justin D. Bina and Glynn T. Tonsor
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Posted online: November 27, 2023
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348254
Abstract: A publicly available dashboard is developed and discussed as an alternative, time-efficient approach to extension education, reflecting an intersection of survey design methods, statistical analysis, and web application development. The dashboard targets consumer behavior in the U.S. meat sector and serves as a dynamic and easily accessible source of market information for users with unique data needs and limited time. An overview of the dashboard and examples of its value to industry professionals are provided."
Keywords: Dashboard, extension education, meat demand
Research Article
Risk Management Education for Executives in the Food and Agriculture Industry
Emily Garwood and Brian K. Coffey
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Posted online: February 23, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348255
Abstract: Numerous universities have expanded their outreach efforts to include executive education. Offerings include a range of programs that vary in length, certification, topics, and price. Even though there are many offerings, there is a specific gap in the market for risk management executive education for the food and agriculture industry. There is also, to our knowledge, no existing research into preferences and willingness to pay for risk management executive education offerings. Understanding executives’ preferences for risk management executive education programs would be helpful to academic units who wish to enter the space. We conducted an online survey of professionals in the food and agriculture industry, followed by phone or video conference interviews with professionals whose responsibilities included sending employees to executive education programming. Results indicate professionals in the food and agriculture industry highly value the content of a program and the ability to apply it to their business. They seek opportunities with highly regarded speakers with relevant real-life experience. Networking to build lasting relationships in their fields is also an important component. The price a participant is willing to pay for a two- to three-day executive education experience lands somewhere between $1,500 and $2,000."
Keywords: Executive education, industry outreach, risk management
Teaching and Educational Methods
Expanding Beyond Case Studies in Postgraduate Agribusiness Teaching to Enhance Experiential Benefits and Student/Teacher Outcomes
Alexandra Peralta, Craig Johns, and Adam Loch
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Posted online: August 12, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348256
Abstract: Experiential teaching of postgraduate agribusiness requires both engagement with course material in the classroom and practical experiences from leading agribusiness companies. Many courses rely on case studies to generate such examples. However, we argue that a wider range of industry experiences may better enable students to learn how agribusinesses innovate, overcome industry/policy challenges, and capitalize on opportunities. We illustrate two examples of wider industry experiences from the Master of Global Food and Agricultural Business at the University of Adelaide, including (i) study tours to local agribusiness companies and (ii) agribusiness internship opportunities. The study tours allow senior company managers to present their business strategy, challenges, and opportunities to students before interactive discussions, while access to competitive industry internships with 52 partner companies (between 2014 and 2022) allows direct interaction on multiple levels and research of a relevant industry topic. We assess how expanded examples of experiential learning beyond case studies adds value to agribusiness teaching with insights for other teachers and program managers."
Keywords: Agribusiness experiences, case studies, education, industry engagement, internships, study tours
Teaching The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Mixed Motive Bargaining Simulation Game
Anukul Bhattari and George C. Davis
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Posted online: January 8, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348257
Abstract: Over the last three decades corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an increasingly significant activity for most firms. Consequently, it is important for students to understand the economics of CSR and the possible trade-offs involved. However, teaching the economics of CSR is challenging for several reasons. The paper presents a mixed motive bargaining game that is designed to overcome some of these challenges and teach the economics of CSR in a novel and engaging way. The game is designed to be played during class and can be played in either small or large classes. The underlying theory and logic of the game is explained followed by an example from the game being played in a class of 70 students. All documents needed for running the game are provided in an online appendix along with an Excel workbook that contains the underlying program for the game."
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, mixed motive bargaining game
Extension Education
Minority-Owned Agricultural Businesses and Challenges with the Paycheck Protection Program: Seeking Ways to Reach Farmers
Kevin Kim, Ana Claudia Sant’Anna and Iryna Demko
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Posted online: June 24, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348258
Abstract: The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was a source of relief to agricultural producers during COVID-19, but it did not reach all farmers equally. Areas with a higher population of female and African American producers had lower PPP approval rates due to lack of knowledge about eligibility and the application process. Through in-person interviews with Extension specialists and farmers, we identified the communication strategy used to inform minority farmers about the PPP. Lending institutions, associations, and government agents were part of disseminating information on the PPP. Information was shared via word of mouth, emails, phone calls, social media, and online meetings. We find that these communication methods were not as effective as they could have been in reaching minority farmers. We provide recommendations to increase the efficiency of the communication methods used in reaching minority farmers: (1) building a connection with farmers prior to using online resources; (2) using personalized communications; and (3) seeking partnerships to leverage their social capital."
Keywords: Access to credit, Paycheck Protection Program, Minority farmers
Case Studies
A Case Study on the Home Cooking Movement—Legalization, Market, and Competition
Suraj Gurung, Jonathan Ritacco, Lijun Angelia Chen and John Lai
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Posted online: December 15, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348259
Abstract: The National Food Freedom Initiative, led by the Institute for Justice, has been promoting “food freedom” since 2013, advocating for people’s rights to buy or sell foods of their choice and for reduced government regulation. Similar progress by California Assembly members and non-profit organizations, coupled with increased home kitchen operations driven by consumer demand, led to the passage of Assembly Bill No. 626 (AB 626) in 2018, which legalized residential preparation and sale of foods containing perishables (i.e., meat and seafood). California’s AB 626 laid out a legislative foundation for other states, such as Utah and Iowa, expanding the Home Cooking Movement (HCM). However, while the HCM is an emerging tool to extend the food freedom initiative, little is known about the economic viability and resilience of the HCM food system and the growth potential of home kitchen operations and businesses. To fill the gap, this case study examines the evolving legislative landscape of the HCM, accesses the economic systems underpinning HCM across three core structures—motivation, decision-making, and information structures, and uses the framework of Diffusion of Innovation Theory to analyze the challenges facing the HCM. By creating an enhanced economic understanding of an innovative food system, this case study offers valuable insights to beneficiaries such as policymakers, consumers, industry advocates, and opponents, as well as students majoring in agribusinesses and food economics."
Keywords: Diffusion of innovation, economic systems and structures, Home Cooking Movement (HCM), legalization, Microenterprise Home Kitchen Operations (MEHKO)
Applied Economic Models of Commodity and Input Markets to Assess Prices, Quantities, Farm and Other Input Supplier Impacts, and Consumer and Taxpayer Costs
Joe Dewbre, Wyatt Thompson, Sera Chiuchiarelli
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Posted online: December 10, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348260
Abstract: The impacts of exogenous market and policy developments reverberate up and down the farm to the retail marketing chain, affecting consumer prices, farm input prices, and the economic well-being of many people. Applied economists have developed analytical tools that trace how developments at one point in the supply chain may affect prices and quantities at other points. The particular analytical tools proposed here aim to provide students with hands-on experience in using market models and real data to simulate relevant policy and market scenarios. We start with a simple model representing only the supply and demand for corn and end with a vertically integrated model that links corn, hog, and pork markets. Each phase of model development gives a chance to build and test economic intuition about how price effects come about and their impacts on various market participants: who benefits and who pays—the winners and losers."
Keywords: Market model, market equilibrium, agricultural supplier impacts, corn, hogs, pork, winners and losers
Unraveling the Reintroduction of Hemp in the United States: A Case Study of the Supply and Demand During the (Re)Birth of an Industry
Jonathan D. Shepherd, Rebecca Hill, William Snell, Tyler Mark, Jane Kolodinsky and Hannah Lacasse
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Posted online: November 1, 2024
DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348262
Abstract: The reintroduction of hemp as a legal enterprise in the United States has been one of the largest-scale exercises in applied agricultural economics in recent history. Hemp has a long and storied past in the United States. The economic forces behind the ups and downs of hemp production, coupled with varying legal status throughout time, make hemp an exciting case study to understand how policy influences the forces of economics. The evolution of this reintroduction provides a real-world opportunity to understand and apply core microeconomic and marketing concepts amid uncertainty and government interventions. This hemp case study explores economic concepts including supply and demand, elasticity, price discovery, government intervention and policy, and agricultural marketing and production contracts on the backdrop of hemp production."
Keywords: Demand, hemp, policy, supply